The Natural Arithmetic: Specially Prepared for Elementary Schools by Zalmon Richards

Author:Zalmon Richards
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: S.R. Winchell & Co.
Published: 1885-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

2. A owes B $300, payable $80 in 22 days, $100 in 60 days, and $120 in 75 days. What is the equated time for payment ?

3. What is the equated time for paying the following sums: $200 now due, $400 in 6 months, and $400 in 15 months ?

4. A sells goods to B on a credit of 60 days; namely: January 14, 1885, a bill of $2,000, due March 15 ; February 10, 1885, i bill of $1,500, due April 11 ; March 25, 1885, a bill of $3,000, due May 24. What is the equated date of payment ?

Operation :

$2000x0 davs= 00000 Ans.

1500x27 ,, = 40500 Equated time, 39 days. 3000x70 ,, =210000 ,, date, April 23, 1885.

$6500 )$250500(38.538.

The initial date is March 15 ; time nothing. $1,500 runs from March 15 to April 11, or 27 days. $3,000 runs from March 15 to May 24, or 70 days. The quotient is more than 38^ and is called 39.

6. Mr. Johnson owes Mr. Williams three notes, payable as follows: the 1st for $500, February 12, 1885 ; the 2d, $400, March 12, 1885, and the 3d for $300, April 1, 1885. When can they all be paid together ?

Assume February 12 to be the" initial date, then we find $500x0 days, $400x28 days=$ll,200, and $300x47 days = $14,100. Sum of products $25,300-f-$l,200, sum of payments =21 davs. Ans. March 5.

Note. — The averaging of accounts should be taught in connection with bookkeeping; also the methods of accounts in custom-house business, as none but special book-keepers will have such work to do.

Section 6. RATIO AND PROPORTION.

Almost every arithmetical operation required in business transactions involves the principles of ration and proportion.

Thus, what will 61bs of sugar cost at llcts. a pound? The proportion stated is: If one pound cost llcts, what will 6 pounds cost? or as 1 pound is to 6 pounds, so is. llcts. (the cost of lib.) to the cost of 61bs., or 66cts. We wish to buy six times lib., so we must pay six times, the price of one pound. All operations in proportion are based upon the simple principle thus expressed*

Ratio is the relation of one number to another in respect to the number of times one number will measure another. Usually if two numbers are compared, we take the firtt for the dividend^ or numerator of a fraction, and the second for the divisor^ or denominator.

A PROPORTION requires an equality of ratios. Several ratios combined may be compared with a single ratio, which is sometimes called double proportion, or double rule of three.

The first term of a ratio is called the antecedent^ and the second term the consequent.

As a complete proportion has two or more complete ratios, it must have four terras^ so related that the product of the first and fourth terms, or extremes^ must be equal to the product of the second and third terms or means, If> then, we have the product of the means, and one extreme^ the other extreme can be found by dividing the product of the means by the given extreme.

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